Estimate required link capacity from concurrent users, per-user rate, and protocol overhead.
Required capacity = users × per-user rate × (1 + overhead). Add headroom for bursts and retransmits.
100 users × 5 Mbps + 10% overhead → 550 Mbps10% is a common planning value for headers and retransmits; use 20-30% for video or lossy links.
Rates are in bits per second (Mbps/Gbps). File sizes use bytes (MB/GB).